Article Structure

The most important sections of an article are as follows:

• Introduction

• Literature Review

• Method

• Results

• Discussion and Conclusion

• Acknowledgments

• References

Note: Care should be taken not to confuse the Results section, in which the outcomes of analyses and assessments are presented and which is equivalent to "Results," with the Conclusion of the article, which typically represents the overall outcome of the research.

In review articles, the Methodology section is not mandatory.
 

Article Writing Guidelines

• The total length of the main text and its footnotes should not exceed 6,000 words (approximately 14 to 16 typed pages). Should an increase in article length be necessary, this is contingent upon the approval of the reviewers and the editorial board.

• The article must be written in clear, fluent prose and be grammatically correct. Due care must be exercised in the selection of terminology.

• The electronic file of the article should be prepared in common text formats such as docx and doc, using B Mitra font size 13, in a two-column layout consistent with the existing page layout of the journal. A copy without the authors' names should be submitted in PDF format alongside the original file.

• It is permissible to combine the main text of the article, abstract, synopsis, keywords, research questions, and the authors' specifications and contact information page into a single text file. In such a case, the "Authors' Specifications and Contact Information" page must be the first page and separate from the other pages.

• Non-Persian characters should not be used in the text except when unavoidable. Foreign equivalents of terms and English spellings of proper nouns (particularly lesser-known proper nouns) should be provided in footnotes.

• No citations should be included in the abstract.

• Each article should contain between four and seven keywords.

• Each article should contain up to three research questions.

• Research questions should be presented as complete, independent interrogative sentences in a format similar to that of the article text, placed in the Introduction.

• If the research project has financial or spiritual supporters, or sponsors who provided the research data to the authors, they should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section (acknowledgments based solely on administrative or political formalities and courtesies should be avoided). Permission should be obtained from individuals and organizations before mentioning their names.

• The Authors' Specifications and Contact Information page is the only place where the identity of the authors is disclosed. Please ensure that the article is prepared in such a way that the authors' identities remain concealed in all other sections. The title page should include the following information:

1. Full names of the author(s) in both Persian and English spelling.

2. Name of the corresponding author (in articles with more than one author).

• If an article has multiple authors, the corresponding author must be specified. The corresponding author is the individual with whom correspondence is conducted during the review and preparation process. If no corresponding author is specified, the journal will designate the first author as the corresponding author.

3. Address, email, telephone number, and fax number of the authors.

4. Academic rank and institutional affiliation of the authors in both Persian and English spelling.

• The journal's criterion for listing authors' names, areas of expertise, academic ranks, organizational affiliations, and their roles in the preparation of the article is the information first uploaded on the journal's website. Given that changes to this section are not possible, due care must be exercised during upload. It is evident that the responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided in this section rests with the corresponding author.

5. Relationship of the article to a thesis/dissertation (in the case of articles extracted from theses) or research projects.

Numbering of Headings

• The article must be divided into main sections and subsections with proper numbering. Care should be taken to ensure thematic organization and coherence of the article. The first section is the Introduction, designated by the number 1. The second section is the Literature Review, designated by the number 2.

• Note that main sections may contain various subsections. In such cases, the following method should be used:

1. Title of the main section
   1-1. Title of the subsection
   1-1-1. Title of the sub-subsection

• Note that the Abstract is placed at the beginning and is not numbered.

• Note that the Acknowledgments are placed after the Conclusion and before the References, and are not numbered.

Figures and Tables

• Figures must be in color, high quality, and legible.

• Figures (including photographs, maps, charts, and graphs) should be numbered and identified with the label "Figure 1. Title" and tables with the label "Table 1. Title" (e.g., Figure 10 for the tenth figure; Table 3 for the third table). Moreover, the descriptions beneath them should use the same font as the body text. Note that charts, graphs, and conceptual illustrations are also considered figures.

• All tables and figures in the article must have orderly numbering, titles, and, where necessary, sources (if taken from others).

• It is essential that all figures and tables be explained in the text and that their numbers be referenced in the text. No table or figure is accepted without an in-text reference.

• Maintaining the order of figure and table numbers in the text is mandatory.

• It is essential to select figures for the article without which the concept of the article would be incomplete.

Citation Method

• For citing sources, valid citation methods such as APA 7th should be used.

• In cases where a source is mentioned, it is necessary to cite the source correctly within the text. Therefore, expressions such as (Source: authors), (Source: article data), (Source: analysis of article data), (Source: writers), and other non-standard expressions should be avoided.

1- Important Notes:

• Only sources that have been used in the text should be listed at the end of the article, and similar sources should not be repeated.

• The bibliography should include complete specifications of all sources and references.

• If both Persian and foreign sources are used, all Persian sources should be listed first, followed by foreign sources under the heading "References".

• The use of articles from the journal "Incidents and Disasters Resilience" is permissible provided the source is cited.

• It is recommended to use common software such as EndNote or Mendeley for referencing to minimize errors in this regard.

2- In-Text Citations:

In the APA method, in-text citations take the form of the author's surname and year of publication. Page numbers may also be included in citations as needed. The various forms of APA in-text citations are as follows:

• At the end of a sentence and before the final period: (Author's or Authors' Surname, Year of Publication: Page Number)
  *Page number is not mandatory.

Example:
The distribution of the country's urban system from 1956 to 1976 was accompanied by a trend of excessive concentration or primacy, and from 1976 onward until 1996, its concentration gradually decreased and moved toward a more balanced distribution. The implementation of decentralization policies from the mid-1960s onward reduced the primacy of Tehran and has been influential in shaping the country's existing urban system (Zebardast, 2007).

• At the beginning or middle of a sentence: Author's or Authors' Surname (Year of Publication)

Example:
According to the study conducted by Zebardast (2007), the distribution of the country's urban system from 1956 to 1976 was accompanied by a trend of excessive concentration or primacy, and from 1976 onward until 1996, its concentration gradually decreased and moved toward a more balanced distribution. The implementation of decentralization policies from the mid-1960s onward reduced the primacy of Tehran and has been influential in shaping the country's existing urban system (Zebardast, 2007).

• At the beginning or middle of a sentence: Year, Author's or Authors' Surname

Example:
In 2007, Zebardast stated in a study that the distribution of the country's urban system from 1956 to 1976 was accompanied by a trend of excessive concentration or primacy, and from 1976 onward until 1996, its concentration gradually decreased and moved toward a more balanced distribution. The implementation of decentralization policies from the mid-1960s onward reduced the primacy of Tehran and has been influential in shaping the country's existing urban system (Zebardast, 2007).

• Citation of sources with more than one author:

• Two authors: (Zebardast & Jahanshahloo, 2007)

• Three to five authors, first citation: (Haq-Rousta, Rafieian, & Zebardast, 2022)

• Three to five authors, subsequent citations: (Haq-Rousta et al., 2022)

• Six or more authors: (Zebardast et al., 2022)

3- Reference List:

1-3- Authored book with one author:
Author's Surname, Author's First Name Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Example of a Persian-authored book:
Zebardast, E. (2007). Andazeh-ye Shahr [City Size]. Tehran: Center for Architectural and Urban Studies and Research.

Example of an English-authored book:
Rapoport, A. (2016). Human aspects of urban form: towards a man—environment approach to urban form and design. Elsevier.

2-3- Authored book with two authors:
First Author's Surname, First Author's First Name. & Second Author's Surname, Second Author's First Name. (Year of Publication). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Example:
Zebardast, E., & Mansourian, H. (2010). Atlas-e Kalan-Shahr-e Tehran [Atlas of Tehran Metropolis]. Tehran: Publications of the Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality.

3-3- Authored book with three or more authors:
First Author's Surname, First Author's First Name Initial, Second Author's Surname, Second Author's First Name Initial. & Third Author's Surname, Third Author's First Name Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Example:
Zebardast, E., Badri, S. A., & Rajaei, S. A. (2016). Atlas-e Paydari-e Shahr-e Tehran; Arzyabi-e Paydari-e Shahri dar Kalan-Shahr-e Tehran [Atlas of Sustainability of Tehran; Assessment of Urban Sustainability in Tehran Metropolis]. Tehran: Tehran Municipality.

4-3- Translated book:
Author's Surname, Author's First Name. (Year of Publication). Title of Book (Translator's Name). Place of Publication: Publisher's Name.

Example:
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2006). Osul-e Ravesh-e Tahqiq-e Keyfi; Nazariyeh-e Mabnaei, Raveh-ha va Shiveh-ha [Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory, Procedures and Techniques] (Translator: Biouk Mohammadi). Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.

5-3- Journal article:
Author's Surname and First Name Initial. (Year of Publication). Full title of article. Name of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page numbers of the article in the journal. DOI

Example:
Ghafouri-Fard, Z. & Khabiri, M. M. (2022). Behboud-e Amalkard-e Rusazi-e Bolouk-e Kheshti-e Piade-Rou-ha va Ma'aber-e Roustaei ba Estefadeh az Afzoudani [Improving the Performance of Brick Block Paving of Pedestrian Paths and Rural Roads Using an Additive]. Maskan va Mohit-e Rousta [Housing and Rural Environment], 41(179). 91-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/41.179.91

6-3- Conference paper:
Author's Surname and First Name Initial. (Year of Conference). Full title of article. Title of Conference. Place of Conference: Organizing Body of the Conference.
Or
Author's Surname and First Name Initial. (Year of Conference). Full title of article. Title of Conference Proceedings. Place of Publication of Conference Proceedings: Publisher of Conference Proceedings.

Example:
Zebardast, E. (2001). Sokounatgah-ha-ye Khordro: Bardashtha va Vaghe'iyat-ha [Small Settlements: Perceptions and Realities]. Hamayesh-e Eskan, Esh taghal va Tose'e-ye Paydar [Conference on Housing, Employment and Sustainable Development]. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.

7-3- Report

• Author's Surname, Author's First Name Initial. (Year of Report Preparation). Title of Report. Organization Preparing the Report. Download link (if available).
  Or

• Organization Preparing the Report. (Year of Report Preparation). Title of Report. Download link (if available).

Example:
Natural Disasters Research Institute. (2022). Gozaresh-e Silab-e Mordad-Mah-e 1401 (Ostan-ha-ye Tehran, Yazd va Chahar-Mahal va Bakhtiari) [Report on the Flood of August 2022 (Tehran, Yazd, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces)]. Available at: https://ndri.ac.ir/flood-2022-report

8-3- Internet sources:

• For citing internet sources, mentioning the month and year of accessing the source and the URL is mandatory.

• Article Author's Surname, Article Author's First Name. (Exact Date of Publication). Title of Page. Title of Website. Date of Access. Link.
  Or

• Title of Website. (Exact Date of Publication). Title of Page. Date of Access. Link.

Example:
Dolat Information Base. (26 November 2019). Tahvil-e Khaneh-ha-ye Zelzelezadegan-e Maskan-e Mehr-e Shahid-e Shiroodi-e Sarpol-e Zahab [Delivery of Houses to Earthquake Victims of Shahid Shiroodi Mehr Housing in Sarpol-e Zahab]. Retrieved on 27 September 2022. Available at: https://dolat.ir/detail/331059.

Required Files and Forms:
Four essential files must be submitted through the article submission system: 1. The Main Article File (without authors' names and in compliance with the author guidelines and in the journal's article format); 2. The Title Page (authors' details); 3. The Authors' Commitment Form (which must include the article title and the full names of all authors and must be signed by all authors); 4. The Conflict of Interest Form (which must be signed by the corresponding author and uploaded along with the article file); and 5. The supporting letter.